Introduction: Ethical living is a lifestyle in which all areas of human existence and work are formed and flow around ethics. That is, a person who wants to live morally, in all areas, tries to know the ethical considerations related to that area and follow them in practice and live according to them. The current article is research on the moral system of Thomas Aquinas with a focus on examining the nature of the moral goal of human life and the moral rationality of such a life. Material and Methods: The present review study examined bioethics from the perspective of Thomas Aquinas in a descriptive manner. In order to achieve this goal, articles related to research keywords from Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med were examined and books related to the views of Thomas Aquinas were studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to Thomas Aquinas's view on man, becoming like God and realizing God's image in material life and seeing God in the hereafter is the moral goal and eternal happiness of man. Also, Thomas Aquinas believes in the moral rationality of such a life from both perspectives-having a reason to live morally and the usefulness of such a life.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, throughout the world particularly in developed countries, an important part of the material and spiritual resources devoted to children and their physical and psychological needs. Of course, in this regard, parents have a major responsibility to provide children with their basic rights. The aim of this study was to survey the middle-school students’ viewpoints about respecting their rights by parents.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1016 male and female middle-school students of Gorgan city were included in 2008 using a randomised multistage cluster sampling procedure. A questionnaire containing 31 specific questions obtained from the United Nations Child Rights Charter was individually filled out for each student. The data was then analyzed by descriptive and nonparametric statistical tests using the SPSS software.Results: Our findings showed that 70.6% of students stated that their rights were completely respected by their parents. The relationships between student's gender (p=0.04), parents education (p=0.001), father's job (p=0.001), family income (p=0.001), and family size (p=0.001) with respecting children rights by parents were statistically significant.Conclusion: Although, many aspects are involved in promoting the physical and psychological well-being of children, the role of parents is of critical significance. Results showed that overall the satisfaction rate of children regarding respecting their rights by parents was reasonable.

Background: Cancer is a common and fatal disease that affects family members, especially adolescents, and causes changes in family communication patternsObjectives: To investigate the impact of parental cancer on family communication patterns from the adolescents' perspective. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study conducted on one hundred adolescents with parents with cancer who were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were a demographic questionnaire and a revised standard questionnaire of the Ritchie and Fitzpatrick family communication model. The information was analysed using S. P. S. S. version 16 software and descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficient. Results: The proportion of consensual communication in the family was lowest (3%) and the proportion of laissez-faire communication in the family was highest (58%). The correlation is inverse in the number of children and in the range of treatment level, and a significant direct correlation is observed in the range of family communication pattern and child rank, but in other cases, the correlation coefficient shows no significant communication (p< 0/05). Conclusion: From the adolescents' perspective, most families whose parents have cancer move toward a laissez-faire family. In these families, there is a low level of conversation and harmony, there is little interaction between family members, and usually only a limited number of topics are discussed. Therefore, the importance of family communication during this time, especially with adolescents, should be emphasized through appropriate education of families whose parents have cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate parental perspectives of accessing eye care for children aged under seven years. Methods: The survey was conducted during September 2020 to March 2021 using online applications and distributed to parents whose children were between the ages of three and seven years. The survey included parents’ background, their knowledge of the provision of eyecare services, and the possible barriers that existed to access eye-care services. The relationship between parents’ knowledge, barrier scores, level of parental education, and demographic or socioeconomic status was assessed using nonparametric tests. Results: In total, 1037 questionnaires were completed. The respondents were from 50 cities across Saudi regions. The participants’ age was 39 ± 7. 5 years, and 54% of them had at least one child under the age of seven (n = 564). Further, 47% had not taken their children for vision screening at reception/year one (n = 467). In addition, 65% of them were not aware of the mandatory screening program at reception/year 1,whereas, only 20% (n = 207) knew how to access eye-care services,and only 39% of the children had undergone any kind of eye or vision test. The pathways to eye care and the cost of eye services/glasses were the main limitations. The parents’ responses were significantly influenced by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (Kruskal Wallis, P < 0. 05). Conclusion: There was a need for enhancing parent information on how to access eye care for young children and the currently available vision screening programs. Finally, a national protocol to cover the cost of the eye exam as well as spectacle prescription shall be proposed as a mean of incentive.

Background: This study utilized videos from a child’ s and an adult’ s perspective to determine whether perspective influences the number of hazards identified by parents. Methods: The study measured number of household dangers parents’ identified. Parents (n=106) were randomized to view either the child or adult perspective videos. Groups did not differ with respect to median age (p=0. 51), education (p=0. 55), or number of children living at home (p=0. 64). Results: Median number of hazards identified in the bedroom was 3 for participants watching videos taken at either adult or child perspective (p=0. 32). Parents viewing child perspective videos of the kitchen identified significantly more hazards (median=4) than parents viewing adult perspective videos (median=3) (p=0. 0001). Conclusions: Although video height (perspective) did not influence the number of hazards identified in the bedroom, parents who observed the kitchen video taken at a child’ s height identified more hazards than those viewing a video at adult height.

Objective Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive disorders in a developing brain that resultsin motor problems and other limitations in daily living activities. The presence of motor functions inthese children reduces their participation in daily activities. This is one of the important aspects of thechild’ s health and development, especially the child’ s physical and psychological development. Participationin social activities promotes life satisfaction. Besides, family has a prominent role in identifyingand supplying the child’ s needs. In other words, family plays an essential role in ensuring the health andwell-being of their children. Thus, provisions of growth-related health services has now changed froma child-cantered model into a family-cantered model. As a result, it is very important to understand theparents’ priorities about participation of their children in the daily activities and providing appropriateclient-center services. Materials & Methods In this descriptive-analytic study, 78 children and teenagers with CP aged 3-18 yearswithout psychiatric problems and their parents from Yazd City, Iran had participated. The samples wereselected by convenience sampling method, from clients of private and public rehabilitation centers inYazd Province. In this regard, one state and two private centers were randomly selected and the studysamples were selected from the clients referred to the centers. Parents' priorities for participation oftheir children in activities of daily living were found through semi-structured interviews. In these interviews, we used Canadian occupational performance measure to evaluate the child's level of occupationalperformance and parents’ satisfaction in the three areas of self-care, productiveness, leisure fromthe parents’ perspective. In addition, the level of gross motor performance was evaluated based on theGross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) at five levels. In the Iranian society, the validityof Canadian occupational performance measure for each of three areas of occupational performancehas been reported to be between 9. 75 and 3. 75 and the reliability level for the three domains reportedabove 0. 78. The statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS V. 16. Descriptive statistics and oddsratio were used for analyzing the data. Results the children’ Mean± SD age was 8. 12± 4. 22 years. The first priority reported by the parents wasself-care. Mobility was known as the second important priority in everyday life for children. The resultsobtained from the statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between age and different motorlevels (P≥ 0. 05). Conclusion Parents reported functional priorities in similar performance aspects by all age groups andGMFCS levels in Cerebral Palsy children. The first priority was related to self-care. This reflects the desireof the parents to children’ doing self-care activities, which not only reduces care pressure, but also leadsto promotion in social participation and independence in individual life. The next priority was mobilityand the reason can be attributed to the fact that children with CP need mobility to manage their dailylife activities.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the employment competencies of educational graduates from the perspective of view of employers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and was among the qualitative researches of Grounded Theory type. The participants of this research included 24 employers in the field of educational (interviewers for the Education recruitment exam, directors of non-state educational institutes, directors and recruitment officers of non-state schools, directors of kindergartens and preschools) in Birjand city. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and using MAXQDA-2020 software. In order to validate the research, two methods of member control and peer review or feedback were used. Consecutive review and comparison of data resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 6 themes. Data analysis led to the formation of a sub-theory. The model shows that the focal variable is the process of education and teaching skills. The focal variable, under the influence of contextual and intermediate conditions, leads to the formation of the strategies of "being a lifelong learner", "research skills", "planning skills", "classroom skills and classroom management", "purposefulness" and "problem solving skills". became Finally, "increasing employability" was the consequence of this process.

Background & Objectives: Family is a safe place for managing the challenges of early adolescence. Adolescents try different roles and situations to find a role and situation that is more in tune with their moods. At this age, they do different things and experiment with everything to find their interests and orientations. Parent–, adolescent conflict is a feature of early adolescence that plays an essential role in reshaping family relationships to support the growing needs of adolescent autonomy. The conflict between parents and adolescents is common and somewhat natural. However, the methods of conflict resolution between parents and adolescents and the conflicting behaviors that parents and adolescents engage in are related to adolescent adaptation. Some of these conflicts are between parents and adolescents, and if these challenges are not appropriately resolved, the conflict will persist, resulting in family members' disputes. The main purpose of this study was to explain the strategies for resolving parent–, adolescent conflicts from the parent's perspective. Methods: This research was a qualitative study conducted based on the objectivist grounded theory developed by Strauss and Corbin. The study's target population was parents living in Yazd City, Iran, who had conflicts with their adolescents. In the academic year 2018–, 2019, in coordination with the local education administration, 15 schools (seven primary high schools and eight secondary high schools) were randomly selected. Schools then introduced parents who were in conflict with their teens and needed counseling. By purposeful sampling method, 29 parents (19 mothers and 10 fathers) who had a conflict with their adolescents were selected in Yazd City. The study data were collected using a semi–,structured, sound interview method. The interview sessions were held in schools. The duration of each interview varied from 45 to 60 minutes. During the interview, the conversations were recorded with the permission of the participants to collect detailed information. The obtained data were analyzed after the first interview to extract the main concepts and design new questions. The interview process continued until data saturation. Theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 29 parents. Microanalysis was performed at three levels of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. To evaluate the reliability and validity of qualitative data, four Guba and Lincoln (2001) validity indices (credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability) were used. Results: Data analyses for conflict resolution revealed 62 concepts, 10 subcategories, and 3 main categories of passive strategies, destructive strategies, and efficient strategies. Based on the analyses of the statements, 21 concepts and 2 subcategories were included in the main category of passive strategy. The avoidance and accomodating strategies were two subcategories related to passive strategies. The concepts extracted from parents' statements related to passive strategies are named under the concepts, such as silence, neglect, sulk, frowning, taking refuge in social media, abusing of illness, withdrawal, avoidance of position, leaving home, searching intermediator, remarriage, apologizing, and putting a curse. Also, in the analysis of the statements, 21 concepts and 4 subcategories were included in the main category of destructive strategy. The cheating/mocking, hegemonic, confrontational, and repressive strategies were subcategories of destructive strategies. The concepts extracted from parents' statements related to destructive strategies are named under the concepts of intrigue, coercion, conceal, verbal aggression, bullying, disinheriting, physical aggression, chastise, self–, Injury, incarceration, showing improper behavior, obstinacy, retaliating, blaming, comparing, humiliating, menace, preach, penalizing, and prohibition. In the analysis of the statements, 20 concepts and 4 subcategories were included in the main category of efficient strategies. The spiritualistic, compromising, conciliatory, and collaborating strategies are four subcategories of effective strategies. The concepts extracted from parents' statements related to efficient strategies are named taking refuge in God, rewriting the story of life, consulting, negotiating, arguing, intangible controlling, reinforcement, coacting, paying attention, behavior correction, punctuality, showing friendly behavior, showing respect, admonishing, pointing out successful ones, not prejudging, helping, correct management, making rules at home, and referring to trouble–, free times. Conclusions: This study showed that when a parent–, adolescent conflict happens, the parties take action to resolve the conflict and achieve their goals. People's experiences, knowledge, beliefs, and values provide them with various strategies to resolve conflicts that are sometimes destructive, sometimes passive (destructive), and sometimes effective (constructive) strategies.

Purpose: Something that happens in the future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about the future. The perception of young people from the future and their conception of the future is very important. The purpose of this study was to imaging the future of sports science from the perspective of educated youth. Method: The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. The statistical population of the study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and the snowball sampling method was used for interviews and theoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze the data, the content analysis method has been used to obtain the information of this research. Findings: The results show the future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in the sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from the ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing the mental images of the youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards the dystopia if the current situation continues, and it can move towards the utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, the stakeholders of sports sciences need to be together and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.